Table 1a. Summary of PPE Use & Activities
Characteristic

Overall
N = 35

1

Face shield worn under the hood
N = 3

1

Goggles worn under the hood
N = 32

1		 p-value 2
Profile – – – 1.00
    Medical Profile 24/35 (69%) 2/3 (67%) 22/32 (69%) –
    Wash/IPC Profile 11/35 (31%) 1/3 (33%) 10/32 (31%) –
Duration under protection (mn) – – – 0.38
    Median (Min, Max) 76 (26, 179) 33 (26, 139) 76 (32, 179) –
Duration under protection (cat.) – – – 0.10
    15 to 30 minutes 1/35 (2.9%) 1/3 (33%) 0/32 (0%) –
    31 to 45 minutes 7/35 (20%) 1/3 (33%) 6/32 (19%) –
    46 to 60 minutes 6/35 (17%) 0/3 (0%) 6/32 (19%) –
    More than 60 minutes 21/35 (60%) 1/3 (33%) 20/32 (63%) –
Perceived duration (cat.) – – – 0.01
    15 to 30 minutes 2/35 (5.7%) 0/3 (0%) 2/32 (6.3%) –
    31 to 45 minutes 5/35 (14%) 2/3 (67%) 3/32 (9.4%) –
    46 to 60 minutes 3/35 (8.6%) 0/3 (0%) 3/32 (9.4%) –
    I don't know - Not sure 1/35 (2.9%) 1/3 (33%) 0/32 (0%) –
    More than 60 minutes 24/35 (69%) 0/3 (0%) 24/32 (75%) –
Perceived vs Real duration – – – 0.55
    Identical 23/34 (68%) 1/2 (50%) 22/32 (69%) –
    Longer than real 8/34 (24%) 1/2 (50%) 7/32 (22%) –
    Shorter than real 3/34 (8.8%) 0/2 (0%) 3/32 (9.4%) –
    Unknown 1 1 0 –
Primary activity – – – 0.24
    Medical Activity 20/35 (57%) 3/3 (100%) 17/32 (53%) –
    Wash/IPC Activity 15/35 (43%) 0/3 (0%) 15/32 (47%) –
Mask adjustment 1/1 (100%) 0/0 (NA%) 1/1 (100%) –
    Unknown 34 3 31 –
Body unintentionally exposed – – – 1.00
    Cheeks 3/30 (10%) 0/2 (0%) 3/28 (11%) –
    No, all parts of my body were fully covered at all times 27/30 (90%) 2/2 (100%) 25/28 (89%) –
    Unknown 5 1 4 –
Safety feeling – – – 0.58
    Always 22/34 (65%) 3/3 (100%) 19/31 (61%) –
    Most of the time 11/34 (32%) 0/3 (0%) 11/31 (35%) –
    Sometimes 1/34 (2.9%) 0/3 (0%) 1/31 (3.2%) –
    Unknown 1 0 1 –
1

n/N (%)
2

Fisher’s exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
Table 1b. Summary of PPE Use & Activities by Perceived Duration
Characteristic

Identical
N = 23

1

Longer than real
N = 8

1

Shorter than real
N = 3

1		 p-value 2
Profile – – – 1.00
    Medical Profile 16/23 (70%) 6/8 (75%) 2/3 (67%) –
    Wash/IPC Profile 7/23 (30%) 2/8 (25%) 1/3 (33%) –
Eyes protection – – – 0.55
    Face shield worn under the hood 1/23 (4.3%) 1/8 (13%) 0/3 (0%) –
    Goggles worn under the hood 22/23 (96%) 7/8 (88%) 3/3 (100%) –
Duration under protection (mn) – – – 0.01
    Median (Min, Max) 82 (33, 179) 46 (26, 59) 47 (34, 105) –
Duration under protection (cat.) – – – 0.00
    15 to 30 minutes 0/23 (0%) 1/8 (13%) 0/3 (0%) –
    31 to 45 minutes 4/23 (17%) 2/8 (25%) 1/3 (33%) –
    46 to 60 minutes 0/23 (0%) 5/8 (63%) 1/3 (33%) –
    More than 60 minutes 19/23 (83%) 0/8 (0%) 1/3 (33%) –
Perceived duration (cat.) – – – 0.00
    15 to 30 minutes 0/23 (0%) 0/8 (0%) 2/3 (67%) –
    31 to 45 minutes 4/23 (17%) 1/8 (13%) 0/3 (0%) –
    46 to 60 minutes 0/23 (0%) 2/8 (25%) 1/3 (33%) –
    More than 60 minutes 19/23 (83%) 5/8 (63%) 0/3 (0%) –
Primary activity – – – 0.64
    Medical Activity 14/23 (61%) 4/8 (50%) 1/3 (33%) –
    Wash/IPC Activity 9/23 (39%) 4/8 (50%) 2/3 (67%) –
Mask adjustment 0/0 (NA%) 0/0 (NA%) 1/1 (100%) –
    Unknown 23 8 2 –
Body unintentionally exposed – – – 1.00
    Cheeks 3/21 (14%) 0/6 (0%) 0/3 (0%) –
    No, all parts of my body were fully covered at all times 18/21 (86%) 6/6 (100%) 3/3 (100%) –
    Unknown 2 2 0 –
Safety feeling – – – 0.90
    Always 13/22 (59%) 6/8 (75%) 2/3 (67%) –
    Most of the time 8/22 (36%) 2/8 (25%) 1/3 (33%) –
    Sometimes 1/22 (4.5%) 0/8 (0%) 0/3 (0%) –
    Unknown 1 0 0 –
1

n/N (%)
2

Fisher’s exact test; Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
Table 1c. Summary of PPE Use & Activities by Profile
Characteristic

Medical Profile
N = 24

1

Wash/IPC Profile
N = 11

1		 p-value 2
Eyes protection – – 1.00
    Face shield worn under the hood 2/24 (8.3%) 1/11 (9.1%) –
    Goggles worn under the hood 22/24 (92%) 10/11 (91%) –
Duration under protection (mn) – – 0.14
    Median (Min, Max) 73 (26, 179) 94 (36, 139) –
Duration under protection (cat.) – – 0.67
    15 to 30 minutes 1/24 (4.2%) 0/11 (0%) –
    31 to 45 minutes 6/24 (25%) 1/11 (9.1%) –
    46 to 60 minutes 4/24 (17%) 2/11 (18%) –
    More than 60 minutes 13/24 (54%) 8/11 (73%) –
Perceived duration (cat.) – – 0.70
    15 to 30 minutes 2/24 (8.3%) 0/11 (0%) –
    31 to 45 minutes 4/24 (17%) 1/11 (9.1%) –
    46 to 60 minutes 2/24 (8.3%) 1/11 (9.1%) –
    I don't know - Not sure 0/24 (0%) 1/11 (9.1%) –
    More than 60 minutes 16/24 (67%) 8/11 (73%) –
Perceived vs Real duration – – 1.00
    Identical 16/24 (67%) 7/10 (70%) –
    Longer than real 6/24 (25%) 2/10 (20%) –
    Shorter than real 2/24 (8.3%) 1/10 (10%) –
    Unknown 0 1 –
Primary activity – – 0.00
    Medical Activity 19/24 (79%) 1/11 (9.1%) –
    Wash/IPC Activity 5/24 (21%) 10/11 (91%) –
Mask adjustment 0/0 (NA%) 1/1 (100%) –
    Unknown 24 10 –
Body unintentionally exposed – – 0.25
    Cheeks 1/20 (5.0%) 2/10 (20%) –
    No, all parts of my body were fully covered at all times 19/20 (95%) 8/10 (80%) –
    Unknown 4 1 –
Safety feeling – – 1.00
    Always 15/23 (65%) 7/11 (64%) –
    Most of the time 7/23 (30%) 4/11 (36%) –
    Sometimes 1/23 (4.3%) 0/11 (0%) –
    Unknown 1 0 –
1

n/N (%)
2

Fisher’s exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
Table 1d. Summary of PPE Use & Profile by Activities
Characteristic

Medical Activity
N = 20

1

Wash/IPC Activity
N = 15

1		 p-value 2
Profile – – 0.00
    Medical Profile 19/20 (95%) 5/15 (33%) –
    Wash/IPC Profile 1/20 (5.0%) 10/15 (67%) –
Eyes protection – – 0.24
    Face shield worn under the hood 3/20 (15%) 0/15 (0%) –
    Goggles worn under the hood 17/20 (85%) 15/15 (100%) –
Duration under protection (mn) – – 0.56
    Median (Min, Max) 75 (26, 179) 82 (36, 107) –
Duration under protection (cat.) – – 0.08
    15 to 30 minutes 1/20 (5.0%) 0/15 (0%) –
    31 to 45 minutes 6/20 (30%) 1/15 (6.7%) –
    46 to 60 minutes 1/20 (5.0%) 5/15 (33%) –
    More than 60 minutes 12/20 (60%) 9/15 (60%) –
Perceived duration (cat.) – – 0.85
    15 to 30 minutes 1/20 (5.0%) 1/15 (6.7%) –
    31 to 45 minutes 4/20 (20%) 1/15 (6.7%) –
    46 to 60 minutes 2/20 (10%) 1/15 (6.7%) –
    I don't know - Not sure 1/20 (5.0%) 0/15 (0%) –
    More than 60 minutes 12/20 (60%) 12/15 (80%) –
Perceived vs Real duration – – 0.64
    Identical 14/19 (74%) 9/15 (60%) –
    Longer than real 4/19 (21%) 4/15 (27%) –
    Shorter than real 1/19 (5.3%) 2/15 (13%) –
    Unknown 1 0 –
Mask adjustment 0/0 (NA%) 1/1 (100%) –
    Unknown 20 14 –
Body unintentionally exposed – – 0.55
    Cheeks 1/18 (5.6%) 2/12 (17%) –
    No, all parts of my body were fully covered at all times 17/18 (94%) 10/12 (83%) –
    Unknown 2 3 –
Safety feeling – – 1.00
    Always 12/19 (63%) 10/15 (67%) –
    Most of the time 6/19 (32%) 5/15 (33%) –
    Sometimes 1/19 (5.3%) 0/15 (0%) –
    Unknown 1 0 –
1

n/N (%)
2

Fisher’s exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
profile N Mean Duration Std. Dev. Duration Distribution
Nurse 8 74.3 28.3
Medical doctor 10 74.4 45.1
MHPSS 1 75.7 NA
Laboratory 3 30.8 4.4
Infection prevention and control 6 92.8 16.6
Hygienist 4 84.2 46.0
Environmental officer 1 35.9 NA
Clinical officer 2 77.0 2.4
Profiles
Primary Activity
Profile Prevalence
Profile Prevalence Percentage Frequency
Medical doctor 10
28.6%
10 / 35
Nurse 8
22.9%
8 / 35
Infection prevention and control 6
17.1%
6 / 35
Hygienist 4
11.4%
4 / 35
Laboratory 3
8.6%
3 / 35
Clinical officer 2
5.7%
2 / 35
Environmental officer 1
2.9%
1 / 35
MHPSS 1
2.9%
1 / 35
Visibility Prevalence Percentage Frequency
donning
Very clear 11
47.8%
11 / 23
Mostly clear 11
47.8%
11 / 23
Partially obstructed 1
4.3%
1 / 23
inside
Very clear 9
40.9%
9 / 22
Mostly clear 8
36.4%
8 / 22
Partially obstructed 5
22.7%
5 / 22
doffing
Very clear 9
42.9%
9 / 21
Partially obstructed 7
33.3%
7 / 21
Mostly clear 5
23.8%
5 / 21
Table 2a. Visibility.
Characteristic

donning
N = 23

1

inside
N = 22

1

doffing
N = 21

1		 p-value 2
Visibility – – – 0.13
    Mostly clear 11/23 (48%) 8/22 (36%) 5/21 (24%) –
    Partially obstructed 1/23 (4.3%) 5/22 (23%) 7/21 (33%) –
    Very clear 11/23 (48%) 9/22 (41%) 9/21 (43%) –
1

n/N (%)
2

Fisher’s exact test
Problem experienced Prevalence Percentage Frequency
donning
No issue 24
96%
24 / 25
Fogging 1
4%
1 / 25
inside
No issue 24
80%
24 / 30
Fogging 6
20%
6 / 30
doffing
No issue 22
75.9%
22 / 29
Fogging 6
20.7%
6 / 29
Partial obstruction 1
3.4%
1 / 29
Table 2b. Problems experienced.
Characteristic

donning
N = 25

1

inside
N = 30

1

doffing
N = 29

1		 p-value 2
Problem – – – 0.15
    Fogging 1/25 (4.0%) 6/30 (20%) 6/29 (21%) –
    No issue 24/25 (96%) 24/30 (80%) 22/29 (76%) –
    Partial obstruction 0/25 (0%) 0/30 (0%) 1/29 (3.4%) –
1

n/N (%)
2

Fisher’s exact test
Characteristic N Event N OR 1 95% CI 1 p-value q-value 2
profile_main 34 8

0.75 0.75
    Medical Profile

— —

    Wash/IPC Profile

0.75 0.10, 4.15

length_minutes 34 8 0.94 0.88, 0.98 <0.001 0.003
activity_main 34 8

0.70 0.75
    Medical Activity

— —

    Wash/IPC Activity

1.36 0.27, 6.97

safety_feeling 33 8

0.61 0.75
    Always

— —

    Most of the time

0.56 0.07, 3.05

    Sometimes

0.00


eye_protection 34 8

0.40 0.75
    Face shield worn under the hood

— —

    Goggles worn under the hood

0.28 0.01, 7.68

1

OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval
2

False discovery rate correction for multiple testing
Characteristic N Event N OR 1 95% CI 1 p-value q-value 2
profile_main 34 8

0.55 0.73
    Medical Profile

— —

    Wash/IPC Profile

0.40 0.01, 8.00

activity_main 34 8

0.18 0.37
    Medical Activity

— —

    Wash/IPC Activity

6.75 0.41, 244

length_minutes 34 8 0.92 0.82, 0.97 <0.001 0.002
eye_protection 34 8

0.77 0.77
    Face shield worn under the hood

— —

    Goggles worn under the hood

1.64 0.04, 62.7

1

OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval
2

False discovery rate correction for multiple testing
Characteristic N Event N OR 1 95% CI 1 p-value q-value 2
profile_main 34 12

0.93 0.93
    Medical Profile

— —

    Wash/IPC Profile

1.07 0.22, 4.75

length_minutes 34 12 0.99 0.97, 1.01 0.51 0.93
activity_main 34 12

0.83 0.93
    Medical Activity

— —

    Wash/IPC Activity

0.86 0.20, 3.55

eye_protection 34 12

0.10 0.38
    Face shield worn under the hood

— —

    Goggles worn under the hood

26,870,408 0.00,

1

OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval
2

False discovery rate correction for multiple testing
Characteristic N Event N OR 1 95% CI 1 p-value q-value 2
profile_main 21 7

>0.99 >0.99
    Medical Profile

— —

    Wash/IPC Profile

1.00 0.11, 7.24

length_minutes 21 7 0.97 0.94, 1.01 0.12 0.29
activity_main 21 7

0.75 0.94
    Medical Activity

— —

    Wash/IPC Activity

1.35 0.20, 8.86

eye_protection 21 7

0.19 0.31
    Face shield worn under the hood

— —

    Goggles worn under the hood

24,817,807 0.00,

vis_inside_bin 21 7

<0.001 0.005
    Clear

— —

    Unclear

539,694,366 0.00,

1

OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval
2

False discovery rate correction for multiple testing